Method of removing iron, zirconium and titanium from aluminum sulfate



June 6, 1967 A. w. MlcHENER, .1R ETAL 3,323,865

METHOD OF REMOVING IRON, ZIRCONIUM AND TITANIUM FROM ALUMINUM SULFATE Filed Oct. 3l, 1962 olv.

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United States Patent O 3,323,865 METHOD F REMOVING IRON, ZIRCONIUM AND TITANIUM FRGM ALUlVIINUM SULFATE Aubrey W. Michener, Jr., Rockaway, Emery J. Carlson, Summit, and Raymond H. Koo, Newark, NJ., assignors to Allied Chemical Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Oct. 31, 1962, Ser. No. 234,463 4 Claims. (Cl. 23-123) This invention relates to aluminum sulfate and more particularly to a process for removing metallic impurities comprising principally iron from aluminum sulfate.

Aluminum sulfate may be prepared by digesting clay with sulfuric acid` In this procedure, the alumina in the clay is converted to aluminum sulfate but unfortunately, however, other impurities consisting primarily of iron, as well as lesser amounts of titanium and zirconium which are also normally present in the clay 4are carried into solution with the alumina. The presence of these impurities contaminate the aluminum sulfate product and as a result the impure aluminum sulfate is rendered unsuitable for many commercial operations. Previous attempts to produce a pure aluminum sulfate product were not entirely satisfactory due to the complexity and high cost of processing the aluminum sulfate. By necessity, the trade had to resort to the use of low iron content clays, i.e., clays containing about .50 to .70% iron oxide by weight, so that the amount of iron and other impurities which enter into solution with the alumina during the digestion phase would be reduced. However, these clays are expensive and moreover, the use of these clays even in these low iron content quantities, i.e., .50 to .70% rendered the alum unsuitable for use in many commercial operations. Similarly, the use of white bauxites which can also be converted to aluminum sulfate by treatment with sulfuric acid were also not entirely suitable for many commercial operations because of the contamination of the alum product and because of the costs of processing.

A pure `aluminum sulfate product can be prepared from the product of the so-called Bayer Process, i.e., a pure alumina hydrate which involves digestion of the pure alumina lhydrate with sulfuric acid. Although the resultant aluminum sulfate product is free from iron impurities, nevertheless, the cost of the reagents renders -the process uneconomical from a practical commercial standpoint. Y

An object of the present invention is to providean efficient and economical process for the production of aluminum sulfate substantially free of metallic impurities such as iron, zirconium and titanium and other metallic impurities. Other objects and -advantages will be apparent from the following description of the invention.

The most common commercial method of producing aluminum sulfate is by reaction of sulfuric acid with clay or bauxite 'because these materials are the cheapest and most abundant alumina containing raw materials. As is known bauxite and especially clay contain impurities particularly iron which may occur, depending upon the source, in amounts of vfrom 0.5 to 5% or more iron calculated as Fe203 with of course the more impure clays being less valuable. r[he aluminum sulfate produced by the digestion of cl-ay is usually in the form of an aqueous solution termed liquor containing about 6 to 9% alumina calculated as A1203 together with impurities including iron generally in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% or more, titanium in an amount roughly of about .O1 to 0.5% and smaller amounts of zirconium usually in an amount of less than 0.1%. While for many purposes aluminum sulfate liquor is entirely satisfactory, other operations require an iron-free aluminum sulfate, i.e., an

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aluminum sulfate containing less than 50 parts per million iron preferably less than 20 parts per million and desirably less than 10 parts per million. It should be remembered that aluminum sulfate is considered a relatively low cost material and consequently the removal of iron from Aaluminum sulfate liquor must be efficient and economical to be practical. The art has known that iron impurities could be removed from aluminum sulfate by means of a liquid anion exchanger such as an amine. In the course of our experiments we treated commercial aluminum sulfate liquor with an amine ion exchanger as taught by the art and achieved lremoval of iron from the liquor. Unfortunately the ion exchanger becomes rapidly used up after a few contacts with the aluminum sulfate liquor and is of no practical utility in large scale commercial operation. Attempts were made to rejuvenate or reactivate the anion exchanger as for example lby treating with an alkaline solution such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodi-um hydroxide ibut without success, first because there was, only partial restoration of the amine eciency and secondly Ibecause of poor separation of the organic and aqueous phases. In addition, the direct use of alkaline regenerating agent increases the free alumina content of the alum. Diiculties were also encountered with the use of nitric acid. In further tests with dilute sulfuric acid of about 2-4% concentration it was found that the anion exchanger was initially reactivated but in a very short time, i.e., afte-r several usages with aluminum sulfate liquor, the anion exchanger lost its activity and could not be reactivated. Accordingly extensive experimentation was carried out to determine the cause of the deadening of the anion exchanger and ultimately it was discovered that other impurities in the alum liquor notably zirconium and titanium became permanently bound to the anion exchanger so that further treatment with said dilute sulfuric acid was ineffectual.

We discovered that if the anion exchanger were treated with sulfuric acid of a concentration of at least 6% preferably within the range of 10 to 15% that such treatment had the effect of loosening the bond of zir-l conium and titanium and reactivanng the anion exchanger to its original efciency. Further and of particular importance it was found that the anion exchanger could be reused over and over again to such an extent that one pound of anion exchanger was suicient for treating at least two tons of alum liquor. In such an operation the cost of -anion exchanger is minor and renders vthe process economically practical. However, we found that simple treatment with a more concentrated sulfuric acid created certain problems in the treatment of aluminum sulfate liquor namely, that the sulfate content of the anion exchanger after treatment was appreciably increased resulting in poor extraction etliciency and also rendered the alum product acid. We found tha-t this difficulty could be overcome by -reducing the sulfate content of the acid treated anion exchanger so that it contained not more than about 25% sulfate based on the weight of the anion exchanger. In brief, we found that for successful treatment of alum liquor with the anion exchanger it was necessary to reactivate the anion exchanger in a two stage operation wherein the anion exchanger is first treated with sulfuric acid of 6-30% concentration, preferably l0-l5% concentration, and then the resultant anion exchanger treated to remove excess sulfate content to no more than 25% sulfate based on the anion exchanger.

In accordance with the present invention aqueousy aluminum sulfate containing as impurities iron, zirconium and titanium may be treated to produce substantially iron free aluminum sulfate by (l) adding an oxidizing agent, preferably hydrogen peroxide to the aluminum sulfate liquor to convert ferrous iron in the aluminum sulfate liquor to ferrie iron (2) admixing the oxidized aluminum sulfate with a wat-er insoluble amine anion exchanger preferably in the form of a solution thereof in an organic solvent to extract the iron, titanium and zirconium irnpurities from the aqueous aluminum sulfate (3) separating and recovering the purified aqueous aluminum sulfate (4) reactivating the amine anion exchanger containing the impurities extracted from the aqueous aluminum sulfate by intimate contact with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid containing about 6% to 30% sulfuric acid, preferably 10-15% sulfuric acid to remove the iron, zirconium and titanium from the amine anion exchanger (5) treating the resultant reactivated exchanger, preferably by Water washing, to reduce the sulfate content to a value of no more than based on the weight of amine anion exchanger, and (6) returning the thus treated activated amine for further Contact with impure aluminum sulfate liquor for removal of iron impurities from the aluminum sulfate liquor.

The amine anion exchangers are well known organic materials commercially available and are amines wherein one or more of the hydrogens are substituted by a hydrocarbon radical and are further characterized in that in free base or salt form they are oil-soluble, Water-insoluble and have a molecular Weight generally within the range of about 200 to 600. Dilauryla'mine, trilaurylamine, butyldilaurylamine and organic amine compounds as set forth Iby Coleman et al. in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Volume 5 0 (1958) on page 1756 may be employed according to the present process. A particularly suitable amine anion exchange is Amberlite LA-l which is a secondary amine in which the structural configuration consists of two highly branched aliphatic chains attached to the nitrogen atom and has a theoretical molecular weight of about 351 to 393. Although it is not necessary for practice of the invention, the amine anion exchanger is, however, preferably -dissolved in an organic solvent. The solvent for the amine anion exchanger may be any normally liquid organic material in which the amine is soluble as for example petroleum distillates, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and high molecular weight alcohols. Kerosene, heavy naphtha and benzene are particularly suitable because of their ready availability and low cost. The quantity of amine anion exchanger in the organic solvent is not critical and may vary from about 2 to 30%, preferably within the range of about 3 to 15%.

The iron impurities which are present in thealum liquor, exist partly in the ferrous state and for successful practice of the present invention, these iron impurities must be converted to the ferric state. Oxidation of the ferrous ion to the ferric ion may be accomplished by the addition to the alum liquor of oxidizing agents such as sodium chlorate, potassium permanganate, ozone or hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is preferred because of the ease of operation and the excellent results obtained. The amount of hydrogen peroxide required for the oxidation depends upon the ferrous ion content in the liquid aluminum sulfate. If too little hydrogen peroxide is employed, there will remain in solution unconvexted ferrous ion, whereas if an excess quantity of hydrogen peroxide is employed, the amine is degraded. The hydrogen peroxide employed as the oxidizing agent may be a standard commercial ygrade hydrogen peroxide of about concentration. Effective and eicient conversion of the ferrous ion to ferric ion requires accurate delivery and flow regulation of the oxidizing agent and therefore it is desirable to dilute the hydrogen peroxide to about 3% concentration so that the volume metered into the alum stream is sufficiently large to permit a more accurate delivery and ow regulation. In order to prevent decomposition of the diluted hydrogen peroxide solution against accidental contamination, a stabilizeer may be added to the hydrogen peroxide solution. This is not necessary, however, if adequate safeguards against control over the aluminum sulfate and dilute hydrogen' peroxide feeds to the mixing point. The oxidation rate of ferrous to ferric ion in alumv is fairly rapid and quite precise with hydrogen peroxide over a temperature range of about 115 to. 140 F. Since there is slow partial reversion of ferric to ferrous ion in the oxidized alum upon standing at temperatures at about 115 F., the oxidized alum should be used promptly or stored at temperatures lower than about 115 F.

After' oxidation, the aluminum sulfate liquor and the amine organic solution are brought into intimate contact with suicient agitation for proper dispersion. The extraction of the impurities from the oxidized liquid aluminum sulfate may be effected in equipment currently available for conventional liquid-liquidl extraction procedures. Thus, there may be employed in the present invention, centrifugal contactors, mixer-settlers, and the variously ydesigned pulsed and non-pulsed extraction columns. Mixer settlers are preferred, however, because of the low number of extraction and strippingistages required. Satisfactory results are obtained by employing an aqueous to organic phase ratio of l to 1; optimum results, however, are obtained when the aqueous to organic phase ratio is l to 2. Phase separationV is quite rapid and merely as illustrative, at a temperature of about 115 F. and an aqueous to organic ratio of 1/25 to 2/ 1, the aqueous phase settles to clarity within about 10 minutes. Following the extraction of the impurities from the liquid aluminum sulfate, the organic phase containing the iron, zirconium and titanium is contacted with a second aqueous solution which contains a regenerating and rejuvenating agent that will convert the amine back to its former activity. This regeneration and rejuvenation step permits the amine to be reused repeatedly in a continuous operation. An important feature of this invention for complete regeneration and rejuvenation of the pregnant amine, i.e., the amine product containing the extracted iron, zirconium and titanium impurities, is the treat-ment with sulfuric acid having a concentration of at least 6% H2804, preferably 10-15 H2SO4. Treatment of the pregnant amine With a Weak sulfuric acid of about 2-4% concentration Was found to be ineffective for removing the zirconium and titanium impurities which are also present in the amine solution and these impurities caused the amine to lose its effectiveness as an anion exchange resin after several uses in the process. Furthermore even a more severe treatment of the pregnant amine, i`.e., treatment with an alkaline solution, e.g. sodium carbonate, was found to be ineffective for completely restoring the efficiency of the amine. Moreover, new problems were created by this more severe treatment because of the resultant poor separation of organic and aqueous phases and precipitation of metallic salts. We discovered that if we subjected the pregnant amine, i.e., the amine containing the iron, zirconium and titanium impurities to treatment with sulfuric acid, of about 10-15 concentration, that fboth the regeneration (removal of iron impurities) and rejuvenation (removal of zirconium and titanium impurities) of the amine are accomplished and no complications arise in the separation of the organic and aqueous phases. The use of H2804 at concentrations above 30%, although operable, is less desirable because it increases the amine loss and tends to form a third interfacial layer. The quantity of sulfuric acid required to reactivate in terms of H2804 is relatively small and of the order of about 1A to `1/2 pound H280.,L per pound of amine anion exchange resin, The temperature at which the reactivation takes place depends upon the concentrations of the amine sulfate in the organic solution and the H2804 used in the treatment. As illustrative, the pregnant amine solution containing mainly iron, zirconium and titanium, extracted from the liquid aluminum sulfate is intimately contacted with about a 15% sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of about 90 F. to 130 F. and a phase ratio of aqueous to organic of about 1/6-1/ 12. The mixture is vigorously agitated for approximately to 7 minutes and the mixture is then allowed to settle. The use of lOl-% sulfuric acid was found to be the most practical method of revitalizing the amine by decreasing the level of all impurities to less than the allowable maximum. This is advantageous lbecause the regenerated amine may then vbe subsequently used in a sulfate system, the sulfuric acid fully restores the amine activity in a single operation, it gives better settling characteristics than other acids and alkaline solutions which tend to form a third interfacial layer, and finally amine losses are minimized. The resultant reactivated amine containing organic solution after contact with the sulfuric acid contains an appreciable amount of excess sulfate content. Originally this reactivated organic solution containing the excess sulfate content was employed to treat aluminum sulfate containing impurities for removal of the metallic impurities. However, it was found that the presence of the excess sulfate impaired the extraction eciency and also had the eect of altering the aluminum sulfate product from basic aluminum sulfate to acid aluminum sulfate. To overcome these diiculties it was found important to remove in large measure the excess sulfate content so that the amine organic solution contained not more than 25% of sulfate based on the weight of the amine exchanger. A simple and convenient method is to water Wash the amine in the organic solvent to effect removal of the excess sulfate. The amount of water should, of course, be suicient to reduce the sulfate content to the desired minimum. A convenient practical procedure is to contact the anion exchanger with water in such proportion that the acidity in the aqueous phase is within the range of about 0.5-1.0% H2804. When employing the aboye regeneration and rejuvenation procedure we have found that the activity of the amine exchange resin can be maintained after purifying approximately five thousand pounds of aluminum sulfate liquor per pound of amine anion exchange resin.

The accompanying drawing is a diagrammatic ow sheet illustrating the process of the present invention.

The aluminum sulfate liquor charge from the digestion of clay or lbauxite containing about 8.3% A1203, .15% FeZOa, .01% ZiO2, and .01% Ti02 leaves tank 1 and is admixed in line 2 with hydrogen peroxide leaving tank 3 through line 30. The hydrogen peroxide employed entering tank 3 through line 47 is a standard commercial grade hydrogen peroxide of about 30% concentration, which is diluted to about 3% prior to its use in the process. Water as the diluent may be added to tank 3 through line 5. If necessary, a stabilizer may be added to tank 3 through line 4.

The aluminum sulfate stream containing the dilute hydrogen peroxide enters hold tank 6 where the partially oxidized aluminum sulfate liquor is held until completion of the oxidation. At this point the amount of ferrous ion remaining in the aluminum sulfate liquor may be determined, and if necessary, additional amount of hydrogen peroxide orl aluminum sulfate liquor may be admitted into hold tank 6. The oxidation rate of ferrous to ferric ion in the aluminum sulfate liquor is fairly rapid over a temperature range of about 115 F. to 140 F. As an illustration, when the total iron content in the aluminum sulfate liquor is about 1600 parts per million, the ferrous ion in the aluminum sulfate liquor can be oxidized to about 12 parts per million residual ferrous ion in a matter of minutes but further oxidation to less than about 5 parts per million ferrous ion requires about 10 to 15 minutes. The `oxidation temperature may be 6 maintained within the range of 115 to 140 F. by any conventional procedure such as by provision of a jacket surrounding the tank through which a heating or cooling medium tiows. When the desired degree of ferrous to ferric ion conversion is obtained, the oxidized aluminum sulfate liquor is discharged from hold tank 6 through line 7 and enters the first mixer settler 8 of an extraction train comprisin-g 5 mixer settler units 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 respectively. These mixer settlers are conventional in the art and comprise mixer sections 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 respectively, adjacent to respective settler sections 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22. Each mixer settler may be provided with agitating means such as a turbine type agitator. Adjacent each mixersection is a Weir section not shown which controls the liquid level in each mixer or settler, the appropriate liquid level for operation being determined by the capacity of the mixer settlers. The design of the extraction train permits the organic phase containing the liquid amine to pursue a path opposite the aqueous phase containing the oxidized aluminum sulfate in a manner conventional in the art. The first mixer settler 8 is adjacent to and communicates with a regeneration and rejuvenation train comprising three mixer settlers 23, 24, and 25 respectively. These mixer settlers are of similar construction as the mixer settlers of the extraction train and comprise mixer sections 26, 28 and 32 and settler sections Z7, 29 and 31 respectively.

Amine anion exchanger such as Amberlite LAel dissolved in kerosene is introduced into the mixer section 21 of mixer settler 12 as a 5% by weight solution. Initially the or-ganic Amberlite LA-1 may be introduced through line 35 4by means of pump 33, but in continuous operation, the regenerated and rejuvenated Amberlite LA-l charge is recycled from mixer settler 25 through line 34, pump 33 and 'line 35 and introduced into mixer settler 12, and flows countercurrent to the oxidized aluminum sulfate in the extraction train. In the mixer-settlers S, 9, 10, 11 and 12, the aqueous liquid aluminum sulfate and organic kerosene fractions -ar'e intimately contacted in Ithe agitated mixer sections 13, 15, 17, 19 an-d 21 and then permitted to separate into distinct phases in their respective settler sections 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22. The individualcomponents ow by gravity and are lifted by pump agitator action to an adjacent mixer. A peripheral speed of about 50(}800 feet per minute for the agitators is suicient for this purpose. In each mixing section of the extraction train the aqueous to organic phase ratio is maintained at about a rato of 1 to 2. At this aqueous to organic ratio there is produced an aluminum sulfate liquor containing less than about 20 parts, usually less than 10 parts per million ferric oxide in the llast mixer-section 21 as compared to the aluminum sulfate liquor which originally contained about 1600 parts per million ferric oxide prior kto introduction into mixer-section 13. At a temperature of about -l15 F., and an aqueous to organic phase ratio of 1/25 to 3/1 the aqueous phase settles to clarity within about 10 minutes. Optimum results are obtained when the aqueous to organic phase ratio is about 1/2.

The iron-free aluminum sulfate solution flows by gravity through line 36 to the crude product hold tank 37. The iron-free aluminum sulfate solution leaves hold tank 37 through line 38 and is passed through 2 :conventional stripping towers 39 and 41 connected in series andwhich are packed with stripping -agents such as activated granular carbon. In this operation the last traces of kerosene odor are removed. Since the granular carbon may contain trace amounts of iron, it may be necessary to wash the carbon .bed with a strippng agent such as a 5% solution of sulfuric acid, to strip out the iron prior to using the material in treatment of the product. This treatment is advantageous because it prevents iron cont-amination of the product. Provision is made for the introduction of about 5% H2504 by means of line 42. The aluminum sulfate product leaves the irst tower 39 through line `40, and

7 enters the second tower 41. The product free from the metallic impurities iron, zirconium and titanium is discharged from tower 41 through line 46 and sent to storage.

The pregnant amine in the organic diluent overfiows from settling tank 14 and enters the mixer-section 26 of mixer-settler 23. At this point, the liquid amine contains substantially all the impurities extracted from the liquid aluminum sulfate. Regeneraton and rejuvenation of the liquid amine for use in the next `cycle is accomplished by treating the -amine with sulfuric acid of -15 concentration. The sulfuric acid is introduced through line 43 to the mixer-section 28 of mixer-settler 24 and iiows counter-currently with the pregnant amine solution at a phase ratio in lthe mixer-section of about 1:8. Wash water is added to the mixer-section 32, of mixer-settler 25 through line 44. The temperature during Contact has no significant effect on the removaly of iron from the pregnant amine, but for best settling characteristics of the organic and aqueous phases a temperature of about S50-150 F. is preferred. The purified amine anion exchanger solution overflows from the second settler 29 of the regeneration system into the mixer-section 32 of mixer-settler 25 where the organic solution is contacted With water entering line 44 in such proporton that the acidity of the aqueous phase is maintained at about 0.5 to 1.0% H2504. The aqueous afiiuent is maintained at about 0.5 to 1% H2806L so that the sulfate content in the ion exchanger is 45-50 gms. sulfate per gram equivalent, or about 12% based on the weight of the amine. The organic phase from the wash cycle leaves the settler-section 31 of mixer-settler 25 and may then be recirculated to extraction mixer settle-r 12 through lines 34 and 35 to continue the process. The spentV sulfuric acid is discharged from the settler-section 27 of mixer-settler 23 through line 48 and the weak acid leaving the settler-section 31 is discarded or sewered through line The following example illustrates the present invention.

Example] Liquid aluminum sulfate from the sulfuric acid digestion ofY bauxitercontaining about 1600 p.p.m. of total iron partly in the ferrous state together with other impurities such as zirconium and titanium was oxidized by treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide used was of 30% concentration hydrogen peroxide which was diluted to about a 3% concentration prior to admixture which was diluted to about a 3% concentration prior to admixture with the liquid aluminum sulfate. The feed and control of the liquid aluminum sulfate and dilute hydrogen peroxide stream to the mixing point W-as regulated until substantially all the ferrous ion was converted to the ferric iron. The oxidized liquid aluminum sulfate lwas then introduced into the kerosene solution of the sulfate salt of the liquid amine resin Amberlite LA-l for about a half hour. The intimate contact o-f the liquid amine resin and the oxidized aluminum sulfate was effected by passing the oxidized aluminum sulfate liquor continuously and countercurrently to the liquid amine solution in a multi-stagemixer-settler system at a temperature of about 110 F. The constituents were :contacted at a phase ratio of aqueous to organic of about 1 to 2, and were retained in the mixer-sections for about minutes. Settler retention time was yabout 30 minutes. At a mixer agitation or peripheral speed of about 500 to 800 feet per minute, the total amount of ferric ion in the aluminum sulfate liquor was reduced as indicated below:

P.p.m. Fe203 in The substantially pure aluminum sulfate product was then passed through a carbon packed tower and the last traces of kerosene odor were removed. The aluminum sulfate leaving the `carbon tower was then filtered and an aluminum sulfate product substantially free from iron zirconium and other impurities was recovered. The pregnant amine from the mixer-settlers which contained the impurities extracted from the aluminum sulfate liquor was introduced into the mixer-section of one of three mixer settlers arranged in series and was contacted with a 15% sulfuric acid solution at a phase ratio of about 1:8 and at a temperature of F. The purified Amberlite LA-l from the second settleroverfiowed into the mixersection of the third mixer-settler Where it was contacted with water. After this water washing in which the aqueous phase contained about 0.5% sulfuric, the Amberlite LA-l was restored to its original sulfate salt form and reused in the cycle. Y

Although certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been disclosed for purposes of illustration, it will be evident that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

We claim:

1. A process for the purification of aqueous aluminum sulfate containing as impurities iron, titanium and zirconium to produce substantially iron free aluminum sulfate which comprises (l) adding an oxidizing agent to the impure aqueous aluminum sulfate at a temperature of to 140 F. to convert ferrous iron in the aqueous aluminum sulfate to ferric iron (2) admixing the oxidized aqueous aluminum sulfate with a water-insoluble amine yanion exchanger to extract the iron, titanium and zirconium impurities from the aqueous aluminum sulfate (3) separating and recovering the purified aqueous aluminum sulfate (4) reactivating the amine anion exchanger con-` taining the impurities extracted from the aqueous aluminum sulfate by intimate contact with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid having a concentration of from 6% to 30% H2804 at a temperature of 90 to 130 F. to remove the iron, zirconium and titanium from theamine anion exchanger (5) treating the resultant reactivated exchanger to reduce the sulfate content to a value of less than 25% sulfate based on the weight of amine anion exchanger and (6) returning the thus treated activated amine for further contact with impure aqueous aluminum sulfate for removal of iron impurities from the aqueous aluminum sulfate.

2. A process for the purification of aqueous aluminum sulfate containing as impurities iron and titanium to produce substantially iron free aluminum sulfate which cornprises (1) adding hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous aluminum sulfate at a temperature of 115 toY 140 F. to couvert ferrous iron in the aqueous aluminum sulfate to erric iron (2) adniixing the oxidized aqueous aluminum sulfate with a solution Aof an oil-soluble, water-soluble amine anion exchanger dissolved in an organic solvent to extract the iron and titanium impurities` from the aqueous aluminum sulfate (3) separating and recovering the puried aqueous aluminum sulfate (4) reactivating the Solution of amine anion exchanger dissolved in organic solvent containing the impurities extracted from the aqueous aluminum sulfate by intimate Contact with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid having a concentration of from about 10%-l5% H2304 at a temperature of 90 to 130 F. to remove the iron and titanium from the organic solution containing the amine anion exchanger (5) reducing the acidity of the resultant reactivated organic solution by washing with water in such proportion that the acidity in the aqueous phase is within the range of about 0.5-1% H2804 and (6) returning the thus treated activated amine solution for further contact with impure aqueous aluminum sulfate for removal of iron impurities from the aqueous aluminum sulfate.

3. A process for the purification of aqueous aluminum sulfate containing as impurities iron and zirconium to produce substantially iron free aluminum sulfate which comprises (1) adding -hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous aluminum sulfate at a temperature of 115 to 140 F. to convert ferrous iron in the aqueous aluminum sulfate to ferric iron (2) admixing the oxidized aqueous aluminum sulfate with a solution of an oil-soluble, Water-insoluble amine anion exchanger dissolved in an organic solvent to extract the iron and zirconium impurities from the aqueous aluminum sulfate (3) separating and recovering the purilied aqueous aluminum sulfate (4) reactivating the solution of amine anion exchanger dissolved in organic solvent containing the impurities extracted from the aqueous aluminum sulfate by intimate contact with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid having a concentration of from to 15% H2504 at a temperature of 90 to 130 F. to remove the iron and zirconium from the organic solution containing the amine anion exchanger (5) reducing the acidity of the resultant reactivated organic solution by Washing with water in such :proportion that the acidity in the aqueous phase is Within the range of about 0.541% H2SO4 and (6) returning the thus treated activated amine solution for further contact with impure aqueous aluminum sulfate for removal of iron impurities from the aqueous aluminum sulfate.

4. In a process for the treatment of aqueous aluminum sulfate containing iron and at least one of titanium and zirconium as impurities with a solution of an oilsoluble, Water-insoluble amine anion exchanger dissolved in an organic solvent to extract ferric iron from the aqueous aluminum sulfate, the improvement which comprises reactivating the solution of amine anion exchanger dissolved in organic solvent containing the impurities eX- tracted from the aqueous aluminum sulfate by intimate contact with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid having a concentration of about 10-1S% sulfuric acid to remove the impurities from the organic solution containing the amine anion exchanger and reducing the acidity of the resultant reactivated organic solution by washing with water in such proportion that the acidity in the aqueous phase is within the range of about 0.5-1% H2SO4 at a temperature of 90 to 130 F.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,372,233 3/1945 Thurston 23-50 2,954,276 9/1960 Hazen 210-38 X 3,078,146 2/1963 Savage 23-123 3,082,062 3/1963 Preuss 210-38 X OTHER REFERENCES Thomas et al., The Development of the Alum-Amine Process for the Recovery of Alumina From Shale, The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, volume 38, No. 6, pages 220-222, Dec. 1, 1960.

OSCAR ER. VERTIZ, Primary Examiner.

LAURICE A, BRINDISI, Examiner.

THOMAS. Assistant Examiner.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,323,865 June 6, 1967 Aubrey W. Mchener Jr., et al.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as 'corrected below Column 3, line 74, for "stablzeer" read stabilizer column 7, lines 47 and 48, strike out "which was diluted to about a 3% concentration prior to admxture"; column 8, line 56, for "water-soluble" read water-insoluble Signed and sealed this 24th day of September 1968.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD J. BRENNER Commissioner of Patents Edward M. Fletcher, Ir.

Attesting Officer 

1. A PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF AQUEOUS ALUMINUM SULFATE CONTAINING AS IMPURITIES IRON, TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM TO PRODUCE SUBSTANTIALLY IRON FREE ALUMINUM SULFATE WHICH COMPRISES (1) ADDING AN OXIDIZING AGENT TO THE IMPURE AQUEOUS ALUMINUM SULFATE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 115 TO 140*F. TO CONVERT FERROUS IRON IN THE AQUEOUA ALUMINUM SULFATE TO FERRIC IRON (2) ADMIXING THE OXIDIZED AQUEOUS ALUMINUM SULFATE WITH A WATER-INSOLUBLE AMINE ANION EXCHANGER TO EXTRACT THE IRON, TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM IMPURITIES FROM THE AQUEOUS ALUMINUM SULFATE (3) SEPARATING AND RECOVERING THE PURIFIED AQUEOUS ALUMINUM SULFATE (4) REACTIVATING THE AMINE ANION EXCHANGER CONTAINING THE IMPURITIES EXTRACTED FROM THE AQUEOUS ALUMINUM SULFATE BY INTIMATE CONTACT WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SULFURIC ACID HAVING A CONCENTRATION OF FROM 6% TO 30% H2SO4 AT A TEMPERATURE OF 90 TO 130*F. TO REMOVE THE IRON, ZIRCONIUM AND TITANIUM FROM THE AMINE ANION ANION EXCHANGER (5) TREATING THE RESULTANT REACTIVATED EXCHANGER TO REDUCE THE SULFATE CONTENT TO A VALUE OF LESS THAN 25% SULFATE BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF AMINE ANION EXCHANGER AND (6) RETURNING THE THUS TREATED ACTIVATED AMINE FOR FURTHER CONTACT WITH IMPURE AQUEOUS ALUMINUM SULFATE FOR REMOVAL OF IRON IMPURITIES FROM THE AQUEOUS ALUMINUM SULFATE. 